Final answer:
Direct causation indicates a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables, where one variable directly results in a change in another.
Step-by-step explanation:
Direct causation indicates a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables, where one variable directly results in a change in another. In other words, the occurrence of one event leads to the occurrence of another event. For example, exposure to the sun (cause) directly causes the skin to tan (effect). It is important to note that direct causation implies a clear and immediate connection between the cause and effect.