Final answer:
Attributable proportion (exposed) indicates the part of the incidence rate in the exposed group that is due to the exposure, with a relative risk above one suggesting an increased risk. Prevalence rates and estimated proportions (p') are important in understanding the extent of diseases and success rates in various populations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term attributable proportion (exposed) expresses the proportion of the incidence of a health event in the exposed group that can be attributed to the exposure. When calculating relative risk, we divide the incidence in the exposed group by the incidence in the non-exposed group. If this value is greater than one, as in our example where the relative risk (RR) is 3.25 times higher for the exposed group, it indicates an increased risk associated with exposure to the risk factor.
Moreover, the prevalence rate helps to understand the extent of a disease within a population at a specific time, calculated as the number of cases of a disease divided by the number of at-risk people during a given time period. To put such figures into a more comprehensible context, these rates may be expressed as percentages or multiplied by a factor such as 100, 1,000, or 100,000.
Lastly, understanding population proportions is crucial in epidemiology, and thus in studies such as cohort studies, where comparisons are made based on disease frequency between different groups to determine associations and risks. The estimated proportion of success in such studies is often represented as p', a point estimate for the true population proportion P, calculated using the formula p' = x/n, where x represents the number of successes and n represents the sample size.