Final answer:
Moore's Law predicts that the number of transistors on a CPU will double approximately every two years, leading to the advancements in computing power that we see in modern computers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The law that predicts the number of transistors in a CPU will double about every two years is known as Moore's Law. This observation was named after Gordon Moore, who was a co-founder of Intel. Moore's Law has been a driving force behind the exponential improvement in computing capabilities since the invention of the integrated circuit, leading to the powerful desktop and laptop machines we have today. The integrated circuit combined many transistors into a single silicon chip, which minimized the physical size and maximized the efficiency and performance of computers. Engineers have been instrumental in furthering this technological evolution, which has profoundly impacted the microprocessor generation.