Final answer:
Health choices are shaped by biological, psychological, and social factors according to the biopsychosocial model. Choices like diet and exercise and healthcare access influence health outcomes, with the challenge being to disentangle these influences. Lifestyle should ideally match basic biological needs for optimal health.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are three categories of factors that influence the health choices people make: biological, psychological, and social factors. This is often represented through the biopsychosocial model, which suggests that our overall health is a product of the interaction between these elements. Biological factors include genetic predispositions and exposure to germs, while psychological factors comprise our mental health, personal choices, and stress levels. Lastly, social factors involve the relationships and societal norms that affect our lifestyle choices.
It is widely understood that factors such as diet, exercise, and consumption of certain items like tobacco can significantly impact life expectancy and overall health. Yet, it is challenging to separate the influence of personal preferences from the role of healthcare access, such as the availability of annual health check-ups.
Moreover, political, consumer, and dietary choices reflect an individual's control over their health, contributing to a lifestyle that should align with basic biological health needs, such as clean air and water, a healthy diet, ample physical exercise, and social interactions.