Final answer:
The perspective that organizations are open systems is related to all of the answers given.
Step-by-step explanation:
The perspective that organizations are open systems is related to all of the answers given. In an open system, organizations adjust their services to satisfy changing consumer demand, find substitute resources in anticipation of future shortages, coordinate work activities to improve efficiency, and change their products to suit customer needs. This perspective views organizations as dynamic entities that are influenced by and interact with their external environment.