Final answer:
Carlos's explanation of Sonam's dream is typical of the psychoanalytic perspective, promoting the idea that dreams access the unconscious mind. This approach was developed by Freud and later elaborated upon by others such as Jung and Lacan, who offered unique contributions to dream analysis and the understanding of the unconscious.
Step-by-step explanation:
The psychological perspective that Carlos's approach to dream interpretation exemplifies is psychoanalytic. This perspective, originated by Sigmund Freud, asserts that dreams are the "royal road" to the unconscious mind. Freud's theory is built on the idea that dreams have both manifest content, which is the overt storyline, and latent content, representing the concealed psychological significance of the dream. Dreams, according to Freud, are often wish fulfillments or expressions of repressed desires.
Freud's disciple, Jacques Lacan, emphasized language's structure in dreams, suggesting they operate with their own rhetorical qualities much like language does. Another significant figure, Carl Jung, diverged from Freud by proposing that dreams could connect to the collective unconscious, encompassing universal archetypes shared across humanity. Jung's analytical psychology and Freud's psychoanalysis both offer lenses through which to interpret the latent content and symbolism in dreams.
Psychoanalytic literary criticism similarly looks into the unconscious elements that dreams reveal, positing that the dream work mirrors the work of literature in creating layered meanings. Freud also observed that dreams are guardians of sleep, creating dream scenarios to protect the sleeper from waking with internal conflicts and repressed wishes. The psychoanalytic theory has been a significant component in the study of unconscious mind, shaping both clinical practice and literary criticism.