Final answer:
Post-Positivism, related to Post-Modernism, is A philosophical movement that rejects the idea of objective truth and emphasizes the importance of individual perspectives The correct answer is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
Post-Positivism (often associated with Post-Modernism) is a philosophical movement that criticizes the notions of objective truth and universal narratives, maintaining that reality is subjectively constructed through language, power relations, and societal influences. Rejecting the idea of a universal truth that can be discovered through scientific methods or any single philosophical tradition, postmodernism embraces relativism, whereby truth and reality are viewed as plural and dependent on individual perspectives.
Furthermore, postmodernism opposes grand narratives, the broad explanations for the structure and meaning in the world that were put forth during the era of modernism. This postmodernist perspective contends that such narratives are simplifications of the complex and diverse nature of reality. Knowledge, according to postmodernism, is constructed through a multifaceted process where language and power play crucial roles, leading to varying interpretations of the world.
Post-structuralism, a subset of postmodern thought, further argues that preexisting structures do not determine our interpretations of the world, emphasizing that meaning and reality are shaped over time by various forces and agents. By focusing on the subjective experience and recognizing the fallibility and relativity of one's understanding, postmodernism and post-structuralism provide a stark contrast to modernist and structuralist views that seek to uncover universal truths and objective realities. The correct answer is A.