We can introduce the punctuation mark as follows: The El Niño Southern Oscillation is a naturally occurring cycle of temperature fluctuations in the Pacific Ocean. It affects global climate and has caused many natural disasters, such as: droughts, floods, landslides, crop losses, and fishery collapses.
What is the punctuatiion?
The colon (:) is a versatile punctuation mark with a variety of uses in writing. Colons are often used to introduce lists after an independent clause. For example:. "It affects global climate and has caused many natural disasters, such as: droughts, floods, landslides, crop losses, and fishery collapses."
They can also introduce explanations or elaborations on what comes before and colons are used before formal quotations in dialogue or writing.