Final answer:
Chronic bronchitis, a form of COPD, involves hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus-secreting goblet cells, thickening of bronchial walls, increased bronchial glands, infiltration of inflammatory cells like neutrophils and CD8 T lymphocytes, and elevated levels of interleukin-8.
Step-by-step explanation:
With chronic bronchitis, which is a form of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), you typically see certain cellular changes in the lungs. These changes include:
- Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus-secreting goblet cells in the airway epithelium, leading to excessive mucus production.
- Thickening of the bronchial walls due to inflammation and fibrosis.
- Increase in the size and number of bronchial glands.
- Infiltration of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and CD8 T lymphocytes.
- Increased production of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-8, which recruits more neutrophils to the area.
Therefore, the cellular changes seen with chronic bronchitis are opposite to the options provided: rather than decreased, CD8 T lymphocytes increase, interleukin-8 levels also increase, and rather than atrophy, there is a hypertrophy of bronchial glands to contribute to the mucus hypersecretion characteristic of chronic bronchitis.