Final answer:
The Adam's apple is the laryngeal prominence formed by the thyroid cartilage, which is option B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major cartilage structure referred to as the Adam's apple is B. Thyroid cartilage. This prominent cartilage forms the protrusion in the front of the neck and is more prominent in males due to hormonal influences during puberty. It protects the vocal cords and houses the larynx. The size and shape of the thyroid cartilage contribute to the deepening of the voice in males as it grows larger during adolescence. This cartilage's prominence gives rise to the visible bump or projection known as the Adam's apple, which is typically more noticeable in adult males.