Question

A patient with heart failure complains of awakening intermittently during the night with shortness of breath. Which of the following terms is appropriate for this clinical manifestation?

A. Dyspnea
B. Orthopnea
C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D. Cyanosis

Answer 1

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is the appropriate term for the clinical manifestation of awakening intermittently during the night with shortness of breath in a patient with heart failure.

Step-by-step explanation:

The appropriate term for the clinical manifestation of awakening intermittently during the night with shortness of breath in a patient with heart failure is Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND). PND is characterized by sudden episodes of severe shortness of breath that occur during sleep and can often awaken the individual. It is caused by fluid accumulating in the lungs due to heart failure, leading to difficulty breathing.