Final answer:
Quick clays are those that can transform from a solid to a near-liquid state due to disturbance. The term 'quick' reflects the swift nature of this transformation. Clays are composed of silt and minerals like feldspar and iron, giving them plasticity and color.
Step-by-step explanation:
Clays that change to a near-liquid state as a result of sudden disturbance are known as quick clays. Quick clay, also called Leda clay, is highly sensitive clay that can change from a relatively stiff condition to a liquid mass when it is disturbed. This can occur as a result of an earthquake, construction, or other disturbances. The term quick pertains to the suddenness of the transformation, with these clays exhibiting a dramatic loss of strength when they shift from solid to near-liquid state. Clays have fine particles of silt that give the material its plasticity, and they contain minerals like feldspar (the most abundant mineral on earth), silica, and iron which can give clay its characteristic colors.