Final answer:
Exfoliation is the weathering type associated with curved and concentric sets of joints break away in successive layers. This process occurs when rocks are exposed to changes in temperature and pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The weathering type associated with curved and concentric sets of joints break away in successive layers is called exfoliation. This process occurs when rocks are exposed to changes in temperature and pressure, causing them to expand and contract. Over time, this can lead to the outer layers of the rock peeling away in curved sheets. A well-known example of exfoliation is the sheet foliation seen on granite domes, such as Enchanted Rock in Texas.