Final answer:
Ruth's second in command position in mailing services, which focused on employee oversight and not technical work, indicates a role in management. Similar responsibilities were evident in a personal anecdote where managerial action led to improved customer service.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Ruth was hired as the second in command in mailing services, her primary role was to manage the employees to ensure the tasks were completed correctly. This position does not involve running machines or other technical work, indicating that her role was specifically in management. Drawing from a similar personal experience in a managerial role, effective management often requires addressing customer feedback and implementing solutions to improve service, as was done by buying floor markings to direct customer traffic. Thus, the correct answer to this schoolwork question is: b. management.