Final answer:
The transport process that uses ATP to move molecules is active transport, which moves substances against their concentration gradients. Unlike active transport, simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are passive, not requiring ATP.
Step-by-step explanation:
The transport process that involves the use of ATP to move molecules is known as active transport. Specifically, proteins within the cell membrane utilize ATP to move substances against their concentration gradients. This can occur in forms such as ion pumps where, for example, potassium ions (K+) and sodium ions (Na+) are moved across the membrane to maintain concentrations necessary for processes like nerve impulses and muscle contractions. In contrast, simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are both passive transport mechanisms that do not require ATP. Simple diffusion involves the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration directly across the membrane. Facilitated diffusion also moves substances down their concentration gradient but does so using specific protein channels or carriers in the membrane.