Final answer:
A 13-gun salute is typically rendered for senior officers of foreign governments as a sign of respect and acknowledgment in military tradition.
The correct answer is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of military tradition, a 13-gun salute is reserved for senior officers of foreign governments. This form of salute, as outlined by various protocols concerning military honors, does not apply specifically to general officers of the Navy or Marine Corps, federal judges, or mayors of cities. It's a ceremonial act to show respect and acknowledgment of the seniority or the rank of the officers in question.
When referring to the options provided in the question such as General George Washington, Brigadier General Daniel Morgan, Major Benedict Arnold, or Major General Benjamin Lincoln, these are figures from American history, particularly the American Revolutionary War era, not directly related to the protocol for a 13-gun salute. The 13-gun salute is more of a contemporary military ceremonial practice.