Final answer:
Pastoralists are moving into alternative livelihoods due to factors such as climate change, population growth, land ownership issues, mechanization, and urban migration of the younger generation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Today, several factors are compelling pastoralists to transition into alternative livelihoods. Climate change plays a significant role, as it leads to more erratic rainfall patterns, prolonged droughts, and generally higher temperatures, all of which adversely affect pasture availability and livestock health. Population growth contributes to environmental pressures and deforestation, which further degrade pastoral lands. These changes result in poor livestock production and lower market prices, making pastoralism less sustainable economically. Additionally, land ownership issues, where governments and investors claim lands for agriculture and tourism, cause pastoralists to lose access to traditional grazing areas. This is compounded by internal changes such as the mechanization of farming and the migration of younger generations towards urban centers due to inadequate education and healthcare in rural areas. As a consequence, many pastoralists find their traditional way of life to be under threat, prompting them to seek different forms of income.