Final answer:
Patrilineal descent systems are more widespread globally than matrilineal descent systems. Patrilineal descent traces lineage through the father's line and is common in societies like those in China, India, and has aspects in U.S. society. Matrilineal systems, while less common, are notable in some Native American societies.
Step-by-step explanation:
In comparing matrilineal and patrilineal descent, it is generally recognized that patrilineal descent is more widespread. This system, which traces lineage through the father's line, is observed in many societies around the world, including significant populations in rural China, India, and even in some aspects of U.S. society. For example, it is common for children in the United States to take their father's last name, reflecting a patrilineal influence.
Although matrilineal descent systems, where lineage is traced through the mother's line, are less common globally, they are notably present in some Native American societies, such as the Crow and Cherokee tribes. These systems confer family ties, inheritance, and status through the female line, and in some cases, maternal uncles can play significant roles in the lives of their nephews, reflecting the importance of the mother's side of the family.
Ambilineal descent is another system where lineage can be traced through either the mother's or father's line, chosen based on the situation or cultural preference. Bilateral descent, where lineage is traced through both parents' lines, is common in modernized nations and encompasses about sixty percent of world societies.