Final answer:
Baboons exemplify diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrial monkeys and possess opposable thumbs, short fingernails, and adept climbing and walking abilities. They live in social groups, are active during the day, and are found primarily in the savannas, woodlands, and hills of Africa.
Step-by-step explanation:
Baboons are a notable example of diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrial monkeys. They exhibit key characteristics such as the ability to live both in trees and on the ground, their use of all four limbs for movement, and an anatomy conducive to both climbing and walking. These primates are equipped with features like opposable thumbs, short fingernails, and long, inward-closing fingers providing them with agility and grip for arboreal locomotion and food handling. Baboons, being partially terrestrial, are also adept at terrestrial navigation and can often be found in the savannas, open woodlands, and hills across Africa.
Diurnal in their habits, baboons are active during the day and rest at night. They often form large social groups or troops and exhibit complex social behaviors. In addition to baboons, the primate order includes various species adapted to different environmental niches, ranging from the tiny mouse lemur to the imposing mountain gorilla. Primates are typically found in the tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Africa, and Asia, inhabiting a variety of forested habitats like rain forests, mangrove forests, and mountain forests at altitudes of over 9,800 feet.