Final answer:
Pralidoxime chloride is used to treat organophosphate poisoning by removing the phosphate group from acetylcholinesterase, allowing it to break down acetylcholine and stop the continual transmission of nerve impulses caused by the poisoning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pralidoxime chloride (also known as 2-PAMCI) is useful in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning because it chemically removes the phosphate group that was transferred from the organophosphate to the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The poisonings occur as these compounds, such as parathion, react irreversibly with acetylcholinesterase, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, and leading to a buildup of acetylcholine which causes continued nerve impulses and muscle contractions. Treatment involves using an anticholinergic like atropine to manage symptoms, and an oxime such as pralidoxime chloride to remove the phosphate group from acetylcholinesterase, allowing it to function properly again.