Final answer:
Cells with a full set of chromosomes, meaning two copies of each chromosome, are called diploid cells. Diploid cells contain a complete set of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent, common in somatic or body cells of an organism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cells with a full set of chromosomes (two copies of each) are called diploid cells. These are the cells in an organism's body, excluding the reproductive cells, or gametes. Most animals, including humans, are diploid organisms, meaning their somatic, or body cells, contain a complete set of chromosomes inherited from both parents - one set from the mother and one set from the father. Thus, these cells exhibit a 2n chromosome number, where 'n' represents the number of sets of chromosomes.
In humans, for example, each diploid cell contains 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs. In contrast, haploid cells have only one set of chromosomes (n), which is characteristic of gametes like sperm and eggs. When two haploid gametes combine through the process of fertilization, they form a zygote, which is the initial cell of a new organism and is again diploid with both sets of chromosomes.