Final answer:
Genes are located on chromosomes and encode proteins and tRNA as part of the genome. Gene expression is the process by which a gene's DNA is used to produce proteins, involving transcription and translation. Coding RNA, such as mRNA, codes for proteins while non-coding RNA, including rRNA and tRNA, aids in protein synthesis and gene regulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genes are found on chromosomes and are parts of the genome that encodes proteins and tRNA. This correct answer choice is B) Chromosomes, Genome, Proteins, tRNA.
Gene expression refers to the process through which a gene's DNA sequence is converted into the structures and functions of a cell, primarily by the creation of proteins. This process involves two main stages: transcription, where DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA), and translation, where mRNA is used as a template to synthesize proteins.
The difference between coding and non-coding RNA is that coding RNA, mainly mRNA, serves as a template for synthesizing proteins, while non-coding RNA, which includes rRNA and tRNA, plays a role in the protein synthesis process (rRNA in the structure of ribosomes and tRNA in the transfer of amino acids during translation) or in the regulation of gene expression.