Final answer:
Rapid acting insulin, such as insulin lispro, has an onset of 15 minutes, peaks between 30 to 90 minutes, and lasts 3 to 5 hours. It's used to control blood glucose levels in individuals with Type 1 diabetes or insulin responsive diabetes mellitus (IDDM) following a meal.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rapid Acting, Short Duration Insulin
The rapid acting, short duration insulin refers to insulin analogs that are designed to mimic the body’s natural insulin response immediately after meals. These insulins have a quick onset, a peak where they are most effective, and then they taper off. One example of rapid acting insulin is insulin lispro (Humalog). The onset of rapid acting insulin is approximately 15 minutes after injection, the peak effect occurs between 30 to 90 minutes, and the duration of action lasts for about 3 to 5 hours.
When injected into patients with insulin responsive diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or Type 1 diabetes, rapid acting insulin helps lower blood glucose levels quickly. This contrasts with glucagon's role, which is to increase blood glucose levels by releasing glucose from the cells. The management of insulin levels is crucial for individuals with diabetes, as illustrated by the different responses in Graph-A regarding the fall and rise of blood glucose levels after insulin or glucagon injection.
Bovine serum insulin, as mentioned in Figure 3.8, is similar to human insulin, consisting of two peptide chains, but it is derived from cattle. While the structure is slightly different, it performs a similar function when used in humans.