Answer:
Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant medication, has several side effects. Here are some of them:
B. Acute cognitive impairment¹
C. Excitement¹
D. CNS toxicity¹
E. Gingival hyperplasia¹.
Step-by-step explanation:
Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant medication, can have a variety of side effects, ranging from mild to severe. While nystagmus (involuntary rhythmic eye movements) is indeed a possible side effect, it's not the only one. Here's a more comprehensive breakdown of phenytoin side effects:
Common side effects (occurring in 10% or more of people):
Nystagmus: As you mentioned, involuntary eye movements can occur, often horizontally but sometimes vertically or diagonally.
Gum hyperplasia: Overgrowth of gum tissue, leading to swollen and tender gums.
Ataxia: Loss of coordination and balance, making walking and other movements clumsy.
Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or unsteady.
Nausea and vomiting: Upset stomach and throwing up.
Tremor: Involuntary shaking, often in the hands.
Fatigue: Feeling tired and lacking energy.
Less common side effects (occurring in 1% to 10% of people):
Skin rash: Red, itchy bumps or blotches on the skin.
Hirsutism: Excessive hair growth, especially in women.
Constipation: Difficulty passing stool.
Sleep problems: Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep.
Mood changes: Feeling anxious, irritable, or depressed.
Memory problems: Difficulty remembering things.
Blurred vision: Difficulty seeing clearly.
Rare but serious side effects (occurring in less than 1% of people):