Final answer:
Twentieth-century anthropologists developed cultural relativism to address ethnocentrism, which involves understanding a culture on its own terms rather than comparing it to one's culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
To combat the problem of ethnocentrism, twentieth-century anthropologists developed the concept of cultural relativism, a practice that involves evaluating and understanding a culture within its own context without bias. This approach helps to avoid viewing other cultures through the lens of one's own culture, thereby preventing the prejudiced notion that one culture is superior to another. Cultural relativism encourages the appreciation of cultural diversity and underscores the importance of judging cultural practices and beliefs based on the culture's own standards rather than those of the anthropologist's culture.