Final answer:
Horticultural and pastoralist societies with a few hundred people are most likely organized in tribal structures with extended family structures and councils handling leadership and decision-making roles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The political system most likely to be found among horticultural and pastoralist societies that consist of a few hundred people with multiple communities and other kinds of social sub-divisions is a tribal society. In tribal societies, extended family structures and councils often take on the roles of leadership, decision-making, and conflict resolution.
Horticultural societies, where people grow and cultivate plants, establish themselves in areas conducive to growing stable crops without the need to move to find resources frequently. Pastoralist societies, focused on herd animals, shape their social structures around the care, utilization, and status conferred by these animals. Mobility is a key aspect of pastoral life.
As suggested by anthropologist Elman Service, the four main forms of social organization are bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states. Tribal societies, which include horticultural and pastoralist communities, are acephalous societies where leadership is not centralized but rather distributed among family leaders or councils.