Final answer:
The five patterns of martial residence are neolocal residence, patrilocal residence, matrilocal residence (also called uxorilocal residence), and avunculocal residence. These patterns determine where a newly married couple establishes their household and are influenced by descent rules, cultural norms, and economic factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The five patterns of martial residence are:
- Neolocal residence: a newly married couple establishes an independent household not connected to either spouse's family.
- Patrilocal residence: a newly married couple establishes their new household with or near the groom's father or the groom's father's relatives.
- Matrilocal residence: a newly married couple establishes their new household with or near the bride's mother or the bride's mother's relatives.
- Uxorilocal residence: another term for matrilocal residence.
- Avunculocal residence: a newly married couple establishes their new household with or near the groom's maternal uncle or the groom's maternal uncle's relatives.
These patterns of residence vary in different societies depending on descent rules, cultural norms, and economic factors.