Final answer:
Horticultural societies live in agricultural communities and form permanent villages. They practice horticulture alongside gathering, hunting, and pastoralism. Leadership and group decision-making structures emerge to organize their activities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Horticultural societies live in agricultural communities that rely on the cultivation of plants for sustenance. These societies form permanent villages and often practice gathering, hunting, and pastoralism alongside horticulture. Leadership and group decision-making structures emerge to organize activities such as irrigation schemes, trade networks, and land allocation. However, horticulture does not typically generate enough surplus to support individuals who do not farm.