Final answer:
The term "anatomically modern humans" refers to early members of Homo sapiens with physical similarities to contemporary humans but not necessarily with the same behavioral complexity. Modern Humans belong to the species Homo sapiens, and have evolved from other species such as Homo erectus, having a larger brain and distinct facial characteristics. The study of human evolution continues to evolve with further anatomical and genetic research.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between "Modern Humans" and "anatomically modern humans" primarily lies in the context of time and behavioral development. The term anatomically modern human refers to any early member of the species Homo sapiens who shared physical traits with humans today, such as stature and facial structure, but who may not have exhibited the same level of behavioral modernity that we associate with contemporary humans. This distinction acknowledges that, while our ancestors may have looked similar to us, their behaviors, cultures, and technologies were in the process of evolving to the complexity we see in modern societies.
In terms of classification, modern humans belong to the genus Homo and the species Homo sapiens. Other human species, such as Homo erectus and the Neanderthals, have since become extinct, with modern humans emerging as the only surviving species. Differences from other early human ancestors include increased brain size, reduced brow ridges, the development of a prominent chin, and an overall lighter skeleton.
The term early modern human encompasses those members of Homo sapiens who lived prior to about 10,000 years ago, marking the transition towards behaviorally modern humans. The anatomical and physiological studies, including the analysis of sex hormones like androgens such as testosterone, continue to enhance our understanding of human evolution.