Final answer:
The anthropological study of medicinal plants is called ethnobotany, which explores how different cultures use plants for various purposes, including medicine.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anthropology is the field of study that examines human societies, cultures, and their development. Within anthropology, the anthropological study of medicinal plants is called ethnobotany. Ethnobotany explores how people in different cultures categorize and use plants for various purposes, including medicinal uses. Ethnobotanists research the relationship between cultural practices and the pharmaceutical properties of medicinal plants.