Final answer:
When discussing a culture perceived as less civilized, primitivism and orientalism come into play. European and Euro-American cultures have historically been considered more advanced and civilized than others, leading to the ranking of cultures on a scale of sophistication. The notion of sociocultural progress towards a Euro-American ideal still persists today.
Step-by-step explanation:
When discussing a culture believed to be less civilized or advanced than one's own, we are exploring the concepts of primitivism and orientalism. Throughout history, European and Euro-American cultures have often been considered more advanced and civilized than others.
This belief led to the ranking of cultures on a scale of sophistication, with Native American and African cultures being perceived as the most primitive. While these ideas have been discredited, the notion of sociocultural progress towards a Euro-American ideal still exists outside of anthropology.