Final answer:
The government in Iran, which is based on Islamic doctrine, is known as a theocracy. This system uses Sharia law to influence its legal proceedings and is led by a Supreme Leader following the Islamic Republic establishment after the 1979 revolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Iran, the government is based on Islamic doctrine, a characteristic of a form of government known as a theocracy. In a theocracy, religious officials and clergy wield political power, and the state's legal system is heavily influenced by religious law. Iran's theocratic system heavily relies on Sharia, which is Islamic religious law. Following the Islamic Revolution of 1979, Iran's political structure underwent significant transformation, culminating in the establishment of an Islamic Republic. The constitution mandates that all laws must align with Islamic teachings, and the Supreme Leader, a high-ranking Shia cleric, holds substantial authority within the government.
The balance between conservative Islamic fundamentalists and reformers has been a contentious issue in Iran, with younger generations often inclined towards reform and openness to Western culture. Despite some democratic elements, the government is ultimately controlled by conservative Muslim clerics. The Iranian political and legal system is a complex blend of theocratic control and certain institutional democratic features, embodying a unique political paradox.