Final answer:
Azawagh Arab women control their own lives largely through the manipulation of economic resources and social influence, with examples including business ownership, educational advocacy, and contributions to public works and charities.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Rebecca Popenoe, it is in large part by controlling and manipulating economic resources and social influence that Azawagh Arab women control their own lives. Examples of this can be seen through the ownership of businesses in the Grand Bazaar and the significant economic and political influence women gained as a result. Furthermore, the involvement of women in educational reforms and public roles, as well as their status in the imperial family and in charitable endowments, demonstrate the diverse avenues through which they exercised control and secured independence.
For instance, the emir's second wife championed educational initiatives, urging women to achieve higher education and excel in their careers, thereby enhancing their visibility in public domains. Also, the power wielded by women within the harem of the sultan, especially if they bore him children, exemplifies their influence within the private sphere. Additionally, contributions to public buildings and charities increased their social influence and visibility in society.