Final answer:
Semantic processing or deep processing refers to semantic encoding, which involves elaborative rehearsal and linking new information to pre-existing knowledge, making it more memorable. This method is superior for long-term retention of verbal information compared to visual or acoustic encoding.
Step-by-step explanation:
The second type of processing, known as deep or semantic processing, refers to the semantic encoding of information, which involves processing words and their meanings at a more profound level compared to the shallower visual or acoustic encoding. Semantic encoding allows for a stronger and more durable memory trace, as it involves elaborative rehearsal, linking new information with existing knowledge. The self-reference effect further enhances semantic encoding by tying information to the individual's personal experience, making it more memorable.
Studies by psychologists such as Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving have suggested that processing verbal information semantically tends to lead to better retention. This form of encoding engages not only the memory but also our understanding of language and concepts, therefore, strengthening our semantic memory. Thus, semantic encoding, when compared to visual or acoustic encoding, can be particularly beneficial for long-term retention of verbal information.