Final answer:
The kinship naming systems used by North American Indians include the Omaha, Iroquois, and Crow systems, so the correct answer is all of the above.
Step-by-step explanation:
The kinship naming systems used by North American Indians included the Omaha, Iroquois, and Crow systems. Each of these systems was associated with different tribes and regions in North America, reflecting the diverse social structures and cultural practices of Indigenous communities. Specifically, the Omaha kinship system is found among the Plains tribes, while the Iroquois system, also known as the Haudenosaunee, pertains to the confederation of tribes in the Northeastern regions. The Crow system, like the Omaha, is also associated with Plains cultures. Therefore, the correct answer to which kinship naming systems were used by North American Indians is d. all the above, meaning Omaha, Iroquois, and Crow.