Final answer:
Polyandry is the mating system where one female mates with multiple males, contrasting with polygyny, where one male mates with many females.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mating system in which one female mates with multiple males is referred to as polyandry. This is in contrast to polygyny, where one male mates with multiple females. In a polyandrous mating system, the female often attracts several males for the purpose of mating, ensuring genetic diversity and an increased likelihood of successful offspring. Examples of polyandrous species include the seahorse and the pipefish, where females have multiple male partners.