Final answer:
Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner are most associated with symbolic and interpretive anthropology, especially in regards to religion and rituals, focusing on systems of symbols that express and shape cultural values.
Step-by-step explanation:
Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner are most associated with symbolic and interpretive anthropology, particularly in the context of religion and rituals. Geertz, in his work The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays, defines religion as a system of symbols which create powerful motivations and moods by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence. These symbols serve to enact and visualize cultural values. Similarly, Victor Turner's research, as seen in The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-structure, explores the significance of rituals and symbols in societal processes, particularly how they facilitate the transition between different social statuses through rites of passage, a concept first introduced by Arnold van Gennep.
Both anthropologists contributed significantly to understanding the role of symbols in cultural practices and how rituals articulate community values and social change. Their insights have substantial applications in fields that study cultural beliefs and social structures.