Final answer:
Animal viruses exit host cells by budding or lysis. Enveloped viruses acquire a membrane and leave individually without immediate cell death, while non-enveloped viruses cause cell rupture upon exit.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the viral replication cycle, animal viruses exhibit two primary methods of exit from the host cell. Enveloped viruses, such as HIV, utilize a process called budding, where they acquire a portion of the host's plasma membrane to form their envelope. This mechanism allows virions to leave the host cell individually without causing immediate cell death. Conversely, non-enveloped viruses, like rhinoviruses, often accumulate within the host cell until they cause cell lysis or trigger apoptosis, releasing all virions simultaneously.
During budding, damage to the host cell may prevent it from functioning normally, despite the cell not being instantly destroyed. In contrast, non-enveloped viruses release their progeny when the host cell ruptures, a more destructive process for the cell. This is indicative of the distinct strategies viruses have adapted to propagate within their particular life cycles.