Final answer:
Signs and symptoms of IDDM (type 1 diabetes) do not include normal blood glucose levels without insulin administration but include polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, fatigue, and in severe cases, ketonemia. Hyperinsulinism, featuring hypoglycemia and tremors, is not a symptom of IDDM.
Step-by-step explanation:
The signs and symptoms of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), also known as type 1 diabetes, do not include normoglycemia (normal blood glucose levels) without administration of insulin. IDDM is characterized by a deficit in insulin production due to the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Main symptoms include excessive thirst and urination (polydipsia and polyuria), increased appetite with weight loss (polyphagia), as well as fatigue, blurred vision, and in severe cases, the presence of acetone smell, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
It is important to note that IDDM patients will show a decrease in blood glucose levels relative to 0 hour when an insulin tolerance test is conducted, indicating the effectiveness of insulin administration.
Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - NIDDM) differs as it is often caused by insulin resistance or the underproduction of insulin, with an insulin tolerance test showing no significant change in blood glucose levels after insulin administration.
On the contrary, symptoms of hyperinsulinism, which is an excessive production of insulin, include hypoglycemia associated with sweating, tremors, and fainting, which are not typical signs of IDDM.