Question

Melanie files an employment discrimination suit against Natural Gas Industries Corp. under Title VII on a disparate-impact theory. To succeed, Melanie must show that a protected group of people are adversely affected by any of the following except the employer's

-tests.
-procedures.
-practices.
-seniority system.

Answer 1

Melanie must prove that the employer's tests, procedures, or practices adversely impact a protected group under Title VII, but not the seniority system unless intended to discriminate. Title VII protects against discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Step-by-step explanation:

In the context of an employment discrimination suit, specifically under Title VII and based on a disparate-impact theory, Melanie must demonstrate that the employer's actions adversely affect a protected group of people. To succeed in her case, Melanie must show that there is a significant adverse impact on a protected group due to the employer's tests, procedures, or practices. However, she is not required to show adverse impact from the employer's seniority system except if the system had the intent to discriminate.

It is essential to understand that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This includes practices that may seem neutral but have a discriminatory effect on a protected group unless they are necessary for the job and thus are seen as a business necessity.