Final answer:
Anthropology and Environmental Sociology study human society through material culture and environmental data, focusing on how cultural practices relate to economic activities and environmental adaptation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The study of human society through material culture and environmental data is most closely aligned with Anthropology and Environmental Sociology. Anthropologists explore how social and cultural features relate to economic activities, human welfare, and environmental interactions, focusing on subsistence modes such as gathering-hunting, pastoralism, plant cultivation, and industrialism. Environmental sociology, a subfield of sociology, closely examines the relationship between humans and their environments, emphasizing the concept of carrying capacity and how it influences social organization and the use of technology.
Sociologists and anthropologists study human thought, feeling, and social behavior, not just to understand these aspects in isolation but also to promote human welfare and address economic issues. This involves looking at how societies adapt and change over time in response to environmental conditions, technological developments, and cultural practices. Through cultural ecology and materialism, they seek to understand the core cultural features that enable human communities to thrive in various environmental contexts.