Final answer:
Sexual dimorphism refers to the differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species. It is a result of sexual selection and can provide insights into mating preferences.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sexual dimorphism refers to the differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species beyond their reproductive organs. These differences can include variation in size, coloration, or adornments. It is a result of sexual selection, where one sex has higher reproductive success than the other, leading to distinct phenotypic differences between males and females. Sexual dimorphism can tell us about mating preferences because it reflects the selective pressures that influence mate choice. For example, if females prefer to mate with males that have larger body size or more elaborate traits, it can lead to the evolution of these characteristics in males over time. By studying sexual dimorphism, scientists can gain insights into the evolution of mating behaviors and characteristics in different species.