Final answer:
The scientific expedition from 1831 to 1836 refers notably to Charles Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle, where he collected various biological and geological specimens. It is distinct from the earlier Lewis and Clark expedition, which explored the western territories of the US from 1804 to 1806.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scientific expedition of 1831 to 1836 is best known for the voyage of the HMS Beagle, which carried Charles Darwin as its naturalist. During this period, Darwin observed and collected numerous specimens of plants, animals, rocks, and fossils that significantly contributed to his development of the theory of evolution. The HMS Beagle's voyage is one of the most famous scientific expeditions in history, providing valuable contributions to the fields of biology, geology, and anthropology.
Another notable expedition during this era was the Lewis and Clark expedition, funded by the US government to explore the newly acquired western territories post the Louisiana Purchase. Although it occurred earlier, from 1804 to 1806, this mission aimed to find commercial opportunities and potential trade routes. Despite its different period and goal compared to Darwin's voyage, both expeditions were critical in expanding the geographical and scientific knowledge of their respective eras.