Final answer:
Long arm statutes extend a state's judicial reach over nonresidents based on their actions tied to the state. The privileges and immunities and full faith and credit clauses of Article IV ensure equal treatment for residents and nonresidents. However, the 11th Amendment sets bounds on the ability of individuals to sue a state, underpinning sovereign immunity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Long arm statutes grant a state's courts in personam jurisdiction over nonresidents based on activities that tie the nonresident to the jurisdiction, such as business transactions, committing a tort in the state, or using and owning real property in the state.
The full faith and credit clause as well as the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, stipulate that states offer the same legal protections to citizens from other states as they do to their own, preventing discrimination against nonresidents in matter of court access, legal protection, and property rights.
Moreover, the 11th Amendment limits the ability of individuals to sue a state, consequently placing limits on the reach of long arm statutes. Hence, while states cannot discriminate against nonresidents, sovereign immunity also protects states from certain legal actions initiated by out-of-state citizens and foreigners outside state borders.