Final answer:
Franz Boas rejected the theory of geographic determinism, emphasizing the role of various factors in shaping cultures. He conducted research among Native American groups and showed that cultures do not develop in isolation. Boas's conclusions challenged racist theories and highlighted cultural diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Franz Boas, an anthropologist, rejected the theory of geographic determinism, which argued that the physical environment determines the development of cultures and societies. Boas believed that cultures are shaped by various factors, including history, social dynamics, and interactions with other cultures. He conducted ethnographic research among Native American groups and used his data to show that cultures do not develop in isolation along a common trajectory. Boas's conclusions challenged the racist theories of his time and emphasized the importance of understanding cultural diversity.