Final answer:
The Chaco Phenomenon refers to the rise and decline of the Chaco society in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, during the 9th to 12th centuries. The society developed an advanced civilization by relying on astronomical observations and subsistence strategies, including intensive agriculture. Artifacts found at Pueblo Bonito reveal interactions with other cultures and the importation of cacao from Mesoamerica.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Chaco Phenomenon refers to the rise and decline of the Chaco society in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, during the 9th to 12th centuries. The people of Chaco Canyon developed an advanced civilization in a challenging desert environment, relying on astronomical observations and subsistence strategies to survive. They had a deep understanding of lunar and solar cycles, as shown by their interest in petroglyphs and building orientations.
In terms of subsistence strategies, the Chaco society practiced intensive agriculture, particularly of maize, which led to significant societal changes in the region. The archaeological excavations at Pueblo Bonito have unearthed artifacts that reveal interactions between Chaco and other cultures, including the importation of cacao from Mesoamerica.
Overall, the Chaco Phenomenon represents an intriguing chapter in Native American history, showcasing the accomplishments and adaptations of the Chaco society in the face of environmental challenges.