Final answer:
The term that does not belong with the others is 'd. sensory neuron,' as it serves a different function, being responsible for carrying sensory information to the central nervous system, while the others are types of neurons that connect within the CNS.
Step-by-step explanation:
The terms interneuron, intercalated neuron, and association neuron all refer to types of neurons that play a role in signal transmission in the nervous system, particularly within the central nervous system. The interneuron, which is synonymous with association neuron, acts as a connector between sensory neurons and motor neurons, facilitating communication within the central nervous system. An intercalated neuron could be considered a specialized type of interneuron seen in certain neural circuits such as in the amygdala.
However, d. sensory neuron is the term that does not belong to this group, as sensory neurons are responsible for carrying information from sensory receptors in the peripheral nervous system towards the central nervous system, and thus, they serve a different function than interneurons.