Final answer:
A loud P2 sound is associated with pulmonary hypertension, and Kussmaul sign is seen in conditions that impair right ventricular filling, such as constrictive pericarditis.
Step-by-step explanation:
A loud P2 sound, which is the sound associated with the closure of the pulmonary valve, is often heard in patients with pulmonary hypertension. This increased pressure in the pulmonary artery causes the pulmonary valve to close with more force, resulting in a louder second heart sound (P2).
Kussmaul sign is an increase in jugular venous pressure on inspiration and is often associated with conditions that cause impaired filling of the right ventricle, such as constrictive pericarditis or right ventricular infarction.