Final answer:
Melanoma, xeroderma pigmentosa, and vitiligo are diseases that cause non-flat pigmented lesions on the skin.
Step-by-step explanation:
A disease that causes non-flat pigmented lesions is melanoma. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that typically presents as large brown or black patches with uneven borders and a raised surface. It is the most dangerous type of skin cancer, and early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Melanoma can occur in any part of the body, but it is most commonly found on areas exposed to the sun.
Another disease that causes non-flat pigmented lesions is xeroderma pigmentosa. It is a genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to repair DNA damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. This results in an increased sensitivity to sunlight and the development of skin lesions and pigmentation abnormalities.
Lastly, vitiligo is a condition that causes depigmentation of the skin, leading to lighter colored patches. This condition is especially noticeable on darker skin tones. It occurs when the cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, are destroyed. Vitiligo can affect any area of the body, including the face, hands, and feet.