Final answer:
The statement that most effectors of the autonomic nervous system are dually innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons is true, with these systems having opposing effects such as the 'fight or flight' response and 'rest and digest' state respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement Most effectors of the autonomic nervous system are dually innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons is true. The autonomic nervous system regulates internal organs and maintains homeostasis through the balance of its two divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic division is known for triggering the "fight or flight" response, while the parasympathetic division promotes the "rest and digest" state. Dual innervation means that most target organs receive signals from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways to either stimulate or inhibit their activity. An example is the heart rate, which can be increased by sympathetic innervation or decreased by parasympathetic innervation.